The British Rule
Lord Ripon (1880 – 1884)
- He passed the first factory Act, 1881, under this the child Labour was prohibited in India.
- He passed the Ilbert Bill, 1883, under this the Indian judges got the power to sentence the Europe Criminals but later on this Bill was withdrawn by the Britishers.
- He appointed the education commission, known as “Hunter commission” in 1882 in order to improve the secondary level education in India.
- He passed the local self-government Act in 1882 under this the Panchayati Raj system started in India. That is why he is known as the “father of the Panchayati Raj” or father of Local self Government.
Lord Dufferin (1884-1888)
- Formation of Indian National Congress (INC) in the year 1885 at Gokul Das Tejpal Sanskrit Mahavidyalaya, Bombay by Mr. A. O. Hume with total 72 members.
Important Sessions of INC
| S.No. | Year | Place | President | Remarks (If any) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 1885 | Bombay | Mr. Womesh Chandra Bannerjee (W.C. Bannerjee) | First President of INC |
| 2. | 1886 | Calcutta | Dadabhai Naoroji | Also known as “Grand Old Man of India” the gave the famous theory of “Drain of wealth” |
| 3. | 1887 | Madras | Badruddin Taiyabji | First Muslim President of INC |
| 4. | 1888 | Allahabad | Sir George Yule | First British President |
| 5. | 1905 | Benaras | Gopal Krishna Gokhle | Swadeshi Movement |
| 6. | 1906 | Kolkata | Dadabhai | Swaraj (Self-governance) |
| 7. | 1907 | Surat | Raas Bihari Bose | Split of Congress |
| 8. | 1916 | Lucknow | A. C. Majumdar | Reunion of Congress |
| 9. | 1917 | Calcutta | Annie Besant | First Women President of INC |
| 10. | 1923 | Delhi | Maulana Abul kalam Azad | Youngest President of INC |
| 11. | 1924 | Belgaum | Gandhi Ji | |
| 12. | 1925 | Kanpur | Sarojini Naidu | First Indian Women President |
| 13. | 1928 | Calcutta | Motilal Nehru | Formation of All India Youth Congress |
| 14. | 1929 | Lahore | Jawahar Lal Nehru | Declaration of Purna Swaraj |
| 15. | 1937 | Faizpur (Maharashtra) | Jawahar Lal Nehru | First Session in village |
| 16. | 1938 | Haripura (Gujarat) | Subhash Chandra Bose | |
| 17. | 1946 | Meerut | Acharya J. B. Kriplani | |
| 18. | 1948 | Jaipur | P. Sitara Mayya |
Lord Lansdowne(1888-1894)
- He passed the second factory Act 1891, under this:-(i) There was a weekly holiday for the workers (Sunday Holiday). (ii) Fixed time period of working. (iii) He appointed the high-level Durand commission in 1893 to draw the political boundary between India & Afghanistan.(Now between Pakistan & Afghanistan).
- In the year 1892, he divided the civil services examination into 3 parts:-(a) Imperial services → IAS (b)Provincial services → State PCS (c)Subordinate Services → Tehsildar
- In 1893 → Swami Vivekanand deliver speech at Chicago on Zero.
- Gandhiji was thrown out of the train, in South. Africa at the famous St. Pietermaritzburg railway station.
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