Will, would, shall, should, can, could may, might, must, ought, need, dare and used to are called MODALS AUXILIARIES or MODALS. They are not used alone; they are always used with the Principal Verb that follows them. They express such ideas as ability or capacity, probability or possibility, permission, command, compulsion, duty, obligation, propriety etc.
Will is used (negative: will not / won’t)
To express Pure Future with second and third persons (You, he, she, it, they)
To express willingness, intention, promise, determination with the first person (I, we)
Will you come with me? (Request)
‘Will’ is never used with the first person in the interrogation.
Shall is used (Negative: shall not / shan’t)
To express Pure Future with first person (I, we)
To ask for advice, suggestion, request etc. with the first person (I, we) in the Interrogation.
To ask for command, threat, warning, promise, assurance, determination, etc. with the second and third persons.
She shall be punished if she repeats his mistake (threat)
When in doubt, use ‘will’.
Would is used (Negative: Would not / wouldn’t)
To express past habit(s)
To express a polite request, wish, preference, an imaginary condition.
Should is used (Negative : Should not / shouldn’t)
To express duty / obligation or advisability or desirability, logical inference, supposition, assumption, possibility/probability.
To express purpose after ‘lest’ (in expressions of fear)
Work hard, lest you should fail.
Might is used (Negative: Might not / mightn’t)
To express less possibility, permission, guess
That might be the milkman. (guess)
Can is used (Negative : Cannot / can’t)
To express permission, possibility, ability or capacity
She can keep awake the whole night.
Could is used (Negative : could not / couldn’t)
To express ability / capacity in the past, polite request, possibility under certain conditions.
If he had money, he could buy a car.
Must is used (Negative : Must not / mustn’t)
To express obligation or duty, necessity, compulsion or prohibition
He must be thirty five.
‘Must’ is not used in the Negative or Interrogative.
Need is used (Negative : Need not / Needn’t)
Mainly to show absence of necessity or compulsion in the negative and interrogative.
Need I speak to him?
Ought is used is followed by a to-infinitive in use
(Negative : ought not to / oughtn’t to)
To express the subject’s obligation or duty.
You ought to practice for the perfection.
Dare is used (Negative : Dare not / Daren’t)
‘Dare’ means ‘to have courage’ it is generally used in the negative or interrogative.
How dare you talk this?
Choose closest in meaning:
(i) truce (ii) solid
(iii) cover (iv) cabin, shed, burrow
Answer (iv)
(b) Hullabaloo
(i) peace (ii) calm
(iii) Pandemonium (iv) clamour
Answer (iii) & (iv)
(c) Impugn
(i) flatter (ii) shield
(iii) praise (iv) assail
Answer (iv)
(d) kibitz
(i) pretend (ii) direct
(iii) delude (iv) trick
Answer (ii)
(e) Lopsided
(i) portray (ii) agile
(iii) distort (iv) eneven
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