English Practice Questions with Explanation (Appropriate Sentence For Paragraph) Set-45:
Dear Readers, Here we have given the Practice English Questions with explanation based on new pattern, candidates those who are preparing for upcoming examination can make use of it.
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Direction (Q. 1 - 10): In each of the following questions, a short passage is given with one of the lines in the passage is missing and represented by a blank. Select the best out of the five answer choices given to make the passage complete and coherent.
1). The Supreme Court has revived the charge of criminal conspiracy against senior BJP leaders L.K. Advani, Murli Manohar Joshi, Uma Bharti and others, a small but significant change in the nature of the prosecution in a case that relates to the speeches they made, which allegedly incited the kar sevaks to pull down the mosque. _____________________________. It has always maintained that the Ayodhya case against its leaders was essentially political in nature, but this charge now has a hollow ring with the Supreme Court itself reviving the conspiracy charge and fast-tracking the trial.
a) But more than Mr. Advani and Mr. Joshi, Prime Minister Narendra Modi may have cause to worry about how to deal with the continuance of Ms. Bharti as a Union Minister.
b) It is regrettable that a case relating to the promotion of communal disharmony, one that had a bearing on riots and reprisals in the following months, was mired in judicial stagnation and administrative apathy for a quarter century.
c) There is also the question about the propriety of allowing Rajasthan Governor Kalyan Singh, the man who was the U.P. Chief Minister on that fateful day in December 1992, to remain in the Raj Bhavan.
d) In political terms, this is an embarrassment for the BJP.
e) The court order re-infuses life into this necessary prosecution and reinforces faith in the rule of law.
2). The decision of the ruling faction of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam in Tamil Nadu, the AIADMK (Amma), to distance itself from members of the V.K. Sasikala family comes at a time when there is an unmistakable and growing public resentment against them. This has been compounded by what is allegedly Ms. Sasikala’s nephew T.T.V. Dhinakaran’s latest folly — a brazen attempt to bribe Election Commission officials to secure the election symbol of Two Leaves; the AIADMK’s deputy general secretary and other family members were becoming a political liability. ________________________. The choice seemed one between swimming together or sinking separately.
a) Many ministers remain beholden to the family and may well find it difficult to antagonize their one-time benefactors.
b) At the same time, with the EC freezing the symbol, a section of the AIADMK (Amma) leadership saw a reunification with the splinter formation headed by former Chief Minister O. Panneerselvam as essential to long-term survival.
c) Indeed, if such stability is to be reinforced and is to sustain in the longer run, a patch-up with the rival AIADMK faction is the only viable course.
d) The party’s television channels, its publications, and resources remain in the control of the Sasikala clan.
e) However, for the Panneerselvam faction, merging with the AIADMK (Amma) presents both an opportunity and a cause for dilemma.
3). The ‘normal’ monsoon forecast of the India Meteorological Department brings the promise of a year of growth and good health for India’s economy and ecology. _____________________. The prospect that 2017 will be a good year boosts the prospects of enhanced agricultural output, healthy reservoir levels, more hydropower and reduced conflicts over water. It will also test the efficacy of the expensive water management initiatives launched during 2014 and 2015 by the Centre and the State governments to harness rainfall and build resilience for future drought cycles.As the IMD’s experience shows, forecasting the all-India summer monsoon rainfall is fraught with uncertainties and has often gone off the mark.
a) The NITI Aayog has also been calling for ways to cut water use, since India uses two to three times more water per tonne of grain produced compared to, for example, China, Brazil and the U.S.
b) The area under drip irrigation, estimated to be less than 10% of net area sown, can then be expanded.
c) When more than half the population is sustained by agricultural livelihoods, highly efficient water utilization holds the key to higher farm productivity.
d) Given that El Niño is expected only in the later part of the year when the monsoon is in its final stages, the expectation of normal rainfall is reasonable.
e) If correct, India will have a second consecutive year of normal rainfall, after two years of drought.
4). The scope for the U.K. to bargain for a reasonable deal with the other 27 countries in the EU appears to be extremely limited. As the 2019 countdown has begun, there is now greater appreciation in London of this emerging scenario than there were a few months back. _________________________. A possible extension of the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice, or further inflows of EU immigrants, will test euro-sceptic silence. It is likely that the advantage of facing the electorate ahead, rather than in the immediate aftermath, of the conclusion of an uncertain final Brexit deal influenced Ms. May in taking the decision to hold a snap poll.
a) Some of these feuds in fact were so brutal that she was not spared personal attacks relating to her health and family, matters wholly unrelated to her politics and suitability for being head of government.
b) The only real hurdle she had encountered to her Brexit plan was the legal challenge demanding a formal parliamentary authorisation of the U.K.’s withdrawal from the EU.
c) Chances are that EU law will continue to operate in several areas, long into a transition period after London formally leaves the bloc in March 2019.
d) Potential troublemakers among euro-sceptics have also been kept in check.
e) The Tories were smarting from internecine battles.
5). The advice of the expert committee to review the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act of 2003 requires attention, given India’s track record. This is all the more so given the born-again political conviction that promises of random largesse to voters is just fine. _________________________. In the past, fiscal irresponsibility has cost jobs, spiked inflation, put the currency in a tailspin and even brought the country to the brink of a default.
a) Such an event, the committee has said, could trigger an escape clause from fixed fiscal targets in its proposed rule-based framework.
b) Excessive and unsustainable borrowing by the government is obviously perverse as it entails a cost on future generations while crowding out private investment.
c) Such damage transmissions from the political economy to the real economy need to be checked forthwith.
d) Instead of focusing purely on the fiscal and revenue deficit numbers, which should be brought down to 2.5% and 0.8% of GDP respectively by 2023, the panel has called for paring India’s cumulative public debt as a proportion to GDP to 60% by 2023 — from around 68% at present.
e) The committee’s proposal to maintain the 3% target till 2019-20 before aiming for further reduction is pragmatic, as the ‘extraordinary and unanticipated domestic development’ of demonetisation happened during its tenure.
6). In the face of extreme and unreasonable complaints against Electronic Voting Machines by a number of political parties, the Election Commission perhaps had no choice but to have the working of the machines corroborated by a paper audit trail. To have such a facility ready for all constituencies by the 2019 Lok Sabha election is expensive (an estimated Rs. 3,174 crore) and also unnecessary (paper trails are at best required in a few constituencies to corroborate results). __________________________. As many as 16 lakh VVPAT machines will be required and only an urgent release of funds will allow the machines to be ready in time for 2019.
a) Its request to the Law Ministry to release funds for the procurement of voter-verifiable paper audit trail (VVPAT) machines for the 2019 Lok Sabha election should be interpreted in this context.
b) The EC has repeatedly assured voters that there are enough procedural and technical safeguards to prevent large-scale tampering or manipulation of EVMs.
c) The EC has laid down procedural rules of locking and storing EVMs before and after polling, besides functional checks and tests in the presence of representatives of political parties.
d) The addition of the VVPAT machine to the process is to allow for cross-checking of EVM results through a paper audit, completing another layer of accountability to the indigenously produced machines.
e) Since reverting to the older paper ballot system will be regressive, the only option in the face of the protests is to have a back-up in the form of a paper trail — something that will hopefully put a quietus to the controversy.
7). The path is now clear for Turkey to be transformed from a parliamentary democracy to a presidential republic, after a referendum on constitutional reforms proposed by the ruling Justice and Development Party (or AKP) gave the nod for handing sweeping powers to President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. ___________________________. The three biggest cities, Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir, voting “No” also indicates that much work remains to be done by the incumbents to bridge the rift within the polity. However, the head of the electoral body said the vote was valid. This remarkable turn of events, which will echo through the region and beyond, marks a step change from Turkey’s historical tryst with representative democracy.
a) The “Yes” campaign won by a relatively narrow margin, with a little more than 51% of the vote, and the opposition Republican People’s Party (CHP) cited irregularities, including the use of unstamped ballot papers.
b) Mr. Erdogan has in the past accused the judiciary of being influenced by the U.S.-based Islamic preacher, Fethullah Gülen, besides attacking members of the security forces in the aftermath of the failed coup in July 2016.
c) These changes could presage overwhelming AKP control of state institutions, which in turn could lead to, for example, a purge in the judiciary and the security forces.
d) This remarkable turn of events, which will echo through the region and beyond, marks a step change from Turkey’s historical tryst with representative democracy.
e) Turkey today faces myriad problems, many stemming from the civil war in Syria.
8). The central bank was not expected to tinker with key policy rates in its first monetary policy review of 2017-18 unveiled, following its decision to shift from an accommodative to a neutral monetary policy stance in February. The Monetary Policy Committee chaired by Reserve Bank of India Governor Urjit Patel has, in fact, decided to raise the rate at which the central bank borrows funds from banks (the reverse repo rate) by 25 basis points, from 5.75% to 6%, while leaving other policy rates untouched. _________________________. The RBI has also proposed a new liquidity management tool that awaits government approval, making the draining of surplus liquidity a critical priority all through this year.
a) It has also pointed to a one-time upside risk to inflation with the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax.
b) Along with improved prospects for the world economy a rebound in discretionary consumer spending at home is likely, in line with the “pace of remonetisation” and investment demand on account of lowered interest rates.
c) This marginal change is aimed at sucking out from the system excess liquidity that remains a lingering concern, despite coming off its peak in the aftermath of the demonetisation exercise.
d) The RBI says achieving the stated target of 4% inflation even next year could be challenging, with no “lucky disinflationary forces” expected, such as benign commodity and oil prices.
e) While the government may take heart from the higher growth projection, it must pay equal heed to Mr. Patel’s plain speak on four key issues.
9). Creating a Rail Development Authority for India is among the most significant reforms to an infrastructure system undertaken by the government. ___________________________. High rates of economic growth have raised the demand for travel, but this remains largely unmet. The popular aspiration is for a modern system that offers high-quality travel with low risk of accidents, while industry wants smooth freight transfer. An independent, empowered regulator could be the paradigm shift that is needed. The proposed Authority would have to ensure that the resources of the system are optimally utilized, overcoming existing inefficiencies that arise from the fact that policy, regulatory and management functions of the railways are intertwined.
a) The Bibek Debroy Committee found the private sector is discouraged from participating more effectively due to a monopolistic framework.
b) Such accurate interventions are critical if the trend of declining rates of growth in railway freight revenues and volumes, which set in during 2011-12, is to be reversed.
c) In the area of passenger services, this offers several possibilities; the railways cater to some 23 million passengers a day in a network of about 8,000 stations.
d) The railways connect the country’s far corners and act as a driver of the economy.
e) One of the big challenges before the Centre is to facilitate higher non-budgetary investment in the railways.
10). The importance of cooperation between the executive and the judiciary in dealing with the unacceptably high number of pending cases in the country cannot be overemphasised. _______________________. That phase appears to be coming to an end. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s assurance to the Chief Justice of India, J.S. Khehar, that his government would contribute its share in reducing the judiciary’s burden is a positive gesture that will be welcomed by the legal fraternity. Speaking at a function to mark the 150th anniversary of the Allahabad High Court, Mr. Modi gave the assurance after observing the pain behind the words of Justice Khehar over the increasing backlog of cases.
a) Official figures show there are as many as 437 vacancies in the High Court’s alone as of March 1, 2017.
b) If the Prime Minister’s latest remarks represent a fresh resolve not to let such an impression gain ground, it will surely represent a new beginning in the executive-judiciary relationship.
c) It is incontestable that any effort to liquidate the arrears of cases would involve a significant increase in the speed at which judicial appointments are processed.
d) There is much that the use of technology can do in both liquidating arrears and expediting processes such as filing of documents and serving of notices.
e) For over a year, there were indications of an impasse over judicial appointments between the two branches of the state, mainly after the Supreme Court struck down legislation to establish a National Judicial Appointments Commission.
Explanation With Answer Key:
1). Answer: d)
Option d) is correct answer since the passage is explaining about the criminal conspiracy against senior BJP leaders by the Supreme Court in Ayodhya case which describes the present situation of BJP. So, option d) is opt for blank since it explains about the BJP’s embarrassment.
2). Answer: b)
Option b) is correct answer since the paragraph is describing about removal of Sasikala and T.T.V. Dinakaran from the membership of AIADMK due to his attempt in getting the election symbol of Two Leaves. So, option b) is fit to the blank and makes the paragraph coherent since it describes about the reunification of AIADMK with former Chief Minister O. Panneerselvam and also the next sentence of blank continues with the theme.
3). Answer: e)
Option e) is correct answer since in the passage it is explaining about the monsoon forecast of the India Meteorological Department and other factors such as agricultural, hydropower, etc. The previous sentence of blank explains about the promise of IMD in growth of economy and ecology. So, option e) suits the blank, as it talks about in case of success in the promise by IMD, India’s position in normal rainfall.
4). Answer: c)
Option c) is correct answer since the paragraph is giving details about scope for the U.K. for a reasonable deal and the euro-sceptic silence test for EU immigrants and also about Brexit deal. The previous sentence to blank elaborates the emerging scenario in London in 2019. So, option c) is fit to the blank and makes the paragraph coherent since it describes chance of EU law to operate in many areas after removal of London from the bloc in March 2019.
5). Answer: b)
Option b) is correct answer since the paragraph is describing about the review of Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act of 2003. The previous sentence to blank talks about the political conviction and promises to voters. So, option b) is opt for the blank since it explains about the borrowing of the government which entails a cost on future generations.
6).Answer: a)
Option a) is correct answer since the passage is explaining about complaints against Electronic Voting Machines and ways to replace them. The next sentence to blank talks about the no. of VVPAT machines needed for election. So, option a) is opt for the blank as it explains about request for releasing fund to buy the VVPAT machines.
7). Answer: a)
Option a) is correct answer since in the passage it is explaining about Turkey and its transformation from a parliamentary democracy to a presidential republic. The next sentence to blank talks about the indication for voting as “No”. So, option a) will give a coherent passage since it describes about the “Yes” campaign.
8). Answer: c)
Option c) is correct answer since in the passage it is explaining about Monetary Policy Committee and changing of policy rates. The previous sentence to blank explains about the increase in policy rates. So, option c) will give a coherent passage since it speaks of the aim and effects of increase in policy rates.
9). Answer: d)
Option d) is correct answer since the passage is explaining about Rail Development Authority and its influence in economic growth. As the previous statement says about the creation of Rail Development Authority, option d) is opt for blank since it is explaining about the importance of railways in economy and connecting various places.
10). Answer: e)
Option e) is correct answer since the passage is explaining about the judiciary’s burden due to pending cases. The next sentence to blank explains about some phase which will appear in future. So, option e) is opt for blank since it talks about establishment of a National Judicial Appointments Commission.
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