Types of Software Testing - IBPS / SBI SO

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Today, we'll learn about various types of testing methodologies used in the software world. A direct question can be asked from the same in specialist officer's exam. Post your doubts in the comments section!

Types of Software Testing

Black Box Testing

• Also known as functional testing, it is performed to test the functionality of the application.
• When it is about checking how long the application takes to process the input data, it is also called performance testing. 
• Testers, in this case, don't have the complete knowledge of the how the application works underneath and are only concerned with output being in sync with inputs given. 
• Some famous BB testing techniques are: Boundary value analysis, state transition testing, equivalence partitioning.
• Advantages:
• • Done from user's perspective.
  • Developer and Tester are independent of each other and tester doesn't need to know about the coding language used.

•  Major disadvantage is that test cases are difficult to design and can go redundant. 

White Box Testing

• In this type, one is required to have a knowledge of internal working of the application. 
• It tests the code, decisions, logic and data flow within the program.
•  Also known as clear box testing, glass testing or an open box testing. 
• Advantages:
• • Helps in optimization and consolidation of code i.e unnecessary code lines can be removed. 
  • Easy to find defects as logic or internal working of the application is known to the tester. 
• Major disadvantage is that a skilled tester is required for white box testing. 

Unit Testing

• Performed by developers themselves. 
• Statements, functions, methods, interfaces i.e units of the code are individually tested for proper execution. 
• It can be automated or can be done manually. 
• Usually small data is used for unit testing. 

Integration Testing 

• In this type, individual modules of the program are integrated and tested as a group.
• It is performed after unit testing to check whether the data flow is proper and sequential and different modules are working in harmony with each other and with the input data
• Different approaches used in integration testing are: top down & bottom up integration testing, sandwich testing (combination of both).

System Testing

• Here, a complete and an integrated application is tested as a system to check whether it is compliant with specified requirements i.e it checks not only the design, but behavior of application along with expectations of the client.
• Usually, black box testing approaches are used for this. 
• It is performed after integration testing.  
• Various approaches used are: load testing, smoke testing, security testing, migration testing etc. 

Acceptance Testing

• It is performed by end users or clients (beta testing) before the application goes live i.e before final delivery of the product. 
• Test data involves real world scenarios to check if the application meets business requirements and will work fine with live data (production environment).
• Before the client tests it, alpha tests are usually performed by members of the same organization other than the team who developed it i.e Product management or sales team. 

Automation Testing

• This type makes use of testing tools or custom developed testing utilities.
• Its goal is to reduce number of manual test cases with same results as manual testing is time and cost consuming. 
• It increases the speed of test execution. 
• Some well-known automation testing tools are Selenium, QTP, TestDrive, SoapUI.

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