Crack English Session (Day-7): Important Tips to Attend Error Spotting with Exercise Questions

Crack English Session (Day-7): Important Tips to Attend Error Spotting with Exercise Questions:

Dear Aspirants, In Today’s Session we are going to discuss about the Important Tips to Attend Error Spotting with Exercise Questions based on usage of VERB. Candidates those who are preparing for upcoming SBI Clerk / IBPS Exams 2017 and all other competitive exams can use this.

VERB is an action word. It indicates the action (tense) or state of being of the subject. Eg: The tiger killed a deer.

PRIMARY AUXILIARIES:

The verbs used to form negatives; questions and tenses.

Be form:‘Be’ is added to other words to make progressive and passive forms.

Eg :Be considerate to others.

Is it raining?

She was imprisoned for three years.

Do form: ‘Do’ is used to make questions, negatives and emphatic forms of non-auxiliary verbs.

Eg :Do you smoke?

It didn’t matter.

Do come in.

Have form: ‘Have’ is used to make perfect forms.

Eg :What have you done?

I hadn’t turn the lights off.

Modal Auxiliaries: The verbs are used before the infinitives of other verbs and add certain kinds of meaning connected with certainly or with obligation and freedom to act.

FULL MODALS:

Modal Auxiliaries	Meanings/Functions
	Ability, permission, request, possibility.
	Ability, formal request, possibility.
	Futurity, willingness, intention, suggestion, insistence.
	Obligation, necessity, expectation, advisability.
	Willingness, intention, prediction, insistence.
	Willingness, habitual action in the past, probability, wish, desire.
	Permission, possibility, wish, purpose.
	Permission, possibility, probability.
	Compulsion, obligation, deduction, certainty.

Eg:I can lift this box.

He could drive the car once.

I shall come tomorrow.

Should I take leave of?

I will come with you.

I would attend your birthday.

It may rain.

He might get the ticket.

He must leave now.

Semi modals / Quasi modals: Some auxiliaries are partly like a modal verb and partly like a main verb are called semi / quasi modals.

SEMI/QUASI MODALS	MEANINGS / FUNCTIONS
	Moral obligation, probability, certainty
	Discontinued habit
	Necessity, obligation,(used in negatives and questions)
	Defiance, challenge, boldness(used in negatives and interrogatives)

Eg:The train ought to leave now.

He ought to speak.

I used to drink coffee when I was young.

I need to come.

How dare you speak to me!

FINITE AND NON- FINITE VERBS:

FINITE VERBS:It is a verb which takes an object. In other words it will be taken in SVO pattern. It can be converted into passive voice.

Eg:My uncle helps me.

NON- FINITE VERBS: It is a verb, which has no object. It cannot be converted into passive voice. It has SVA pattern.

Eg:She likes to sing.

(AGREEMENT OF VERB WITH THE SUBJECT)

CONCORD: The verb must agree with the subject in person and number.

Rule 1:(i)if the subject is singular in number use verb accordingly.

Eg:Punam acts well.

(ii) if the subject is plural in number use verb accordingly.

Eg:They approach nicely.

Rule 2:If 2 or more subjects are connected by ‘and’, they mostly take a verb in the plural form.

Eg:Neha and Sneha are classmates.

Rule 3: If ‘each’ or ‘every’ precedes singular objects , the verb should be in the singular.

Eg:Every boy has a book.

Rule 4:Two or more singular subjects connected by ‘Either…or’ take a verb in the singular.

Eg:Either you or I am wrong.

Rule 5: If there are two subjects, the first one is singular, and the second one is plural, the verb will be in plural form in case of ‘either… or’

Eg:Either Meera or her sisters have to cook.

Rule 6: When two singular subjects connected by ‘Neither…nor’ take a verb in the singular.

Eg:Neither you nor I attend the party.

Rule 7:If there are two subjects, the first one is singular, and the second one is plural, the verb will be in plural form in case of ‘neither… nor’

Eg:Neither Uma nor her friends are late.

Rule 8: A collective noun takes a singular verb.

Eg:A packet of fruits was rotten.

Rule 9: A collective noun takes a plural verb, when the individuals of whom it is composed are thought of separately instead of collectively.

Eg:The members have not yet decided.

Rule 10:Some nouns , which are plural in form but singular in meaning take a singular verb.

Eg:Scissors is used to cut.

Rule 11: Nouns, like a pair of shoes, a pair of gloves, etc are taken as singular and they take a singular verb.

Eg:A pair of slippers is still lying unused.

Rule 12: If a plural noun denotes some specific quantity / amount, considered as a whole, it takes a singular verb.

Eg:Three hours is very difficult.

Infinitive

Subject that is not defined by number, place is called an infinitive. It is formed by adding ‘to’ to the verb.

General form: To + Root verb

Eg:to play.

1. Remove the conjunction words ‘that’ or ‘so that’ or ‘if’.

2. Remove the subject after the conjunction.

3. Remove will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must followed by subject and add ‘to’.

4. Remove the ‘be’ verbs (am, is, are, was, were) and add ‘to be’.

5. For the negative pattern, write not + to + Root verb.

6. If the pattern has/have/had/ought + to + verb then remove has/have/had/ought and write the remaining as such.

7. In ‘to’ while changing into infinitive, write to + Root verb.

Infinitives used as Subject complement

Eg:Bharat is confident that he will win the match.

Bharat is confident to win the match.

Infinitives used as Object complement

Eg:His father told him that he should join the army.

His father told him to join the army.

The clause that has the Interrogative conjunction can be changed into Infinitives as per the following rules.

1. Generally question words need not be removed except ‘why’.

2. Remove the subject after the question word.

3. Subject should follow the verb.

Eg:I do not know how I can solve this problem.

I do not know how to solve this problem.

If the verb (either present or past) is followed by ‘When’ , remove when and write infinitive form. If ‘when’ is followed by shall/should/will/would/can/could, then write ‘when’ and infinite form.

Eg:We also felt happy when we heard of your promotion.

We also felt happy to hear of your promotion.

When the conjunction ‘Who’ is used removes ‘whom’ and writes the infinitive form.

Eg:I wonder who I can invite.

I wonder whom to invite.

If ‘which’ comes alone leave the conjunction ‘which’ and write the infinitive forms. Don’t remove for ‘Which box’, ‘Which book’.

Eg:She does not know which she ought to choose.

She does not know to choose.

If a preposition such as in, on with comes before the question word, remove the question word and write infinitive.

Eg:I have a young brother with whom I can play.

I have a young brother to play with.

If the verb + ing form in the sentence, it can be changed into infinitive as per the following rules.

1. Change Verb + ing into to + verb.

2. If the prepositions such as in, on, at, for, etc… comes before verb + ing, remove those prepositions.

3. If the word ‘for the purpose of’ comes before verb + ing, remove that phrase.

Eg:Driving a car at night is not always easy.

To drive a car at night is not always easy.

Additional Rules

1. The infinitive is used without to after verbs like help, watch, bid, dare, hear, let, make, need and see.

2. If, however, the structure is do + dare or do + need, the infinitive is used with to.

3. The following verbs are followed by the infinitive:

Agree, arrange, attempt, care, cease, consent, decide, determine, endeavour, fall, forget, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, neglect, prepare, promise, propose, refuse, regret, remember, seem, swear, undertake.

4. Prepositions but and except take the infinitive without to.

5. Expressions would rather, would sooner, rather than, sooner than, had better are followed by infinitive without to.

The –ing form of an English verb when used as a noun is called Gerund. It has the characteristic of a noun as well as a verb.

Root Verb + ing

1. Subject to a verb – Eg: Cooking is an art.

2. Object to verb – Eg: You must stop smoking.

3. Object to a preposition – Eg: Children are fond of playing.

4. Complement to a verb – Eg: His only aim was cheating.

5. In opposition to a pronoun – Eg: It is no use of crying.

1.If the verb ends in ‘e’, remove ‘e’ and add ‘-ing’.

Eg:Give – Giving

2. If the last two letters are ‘e’ in the verb , just add ‘-ing’.

Eg:See – Seeing

3. If the verb ends in ‘ie’, remove ‘ie’ and write ‘y+ing’.

Eg:Die – Dying

4. If the last letter is a consonant by a short vowel; then double the consonant and add ‘-ing’.

Eg: Admit – Admitting

5.If the last letter is a consonant preceded by two vowels, just ass ‘-ing’.

Eg:Appear – Appearing

6.If the last letter is ‘w’, ‘x’, ‘y’, just add ‘-ing’.

Eg:Follow – Following

7. If the verb ends in ‘on’, ‘en’, ‘ur’, ‘er’, then add ‘-ing’.

Eg:Pardon – Pardoning

8. If the verb ends in ‘ger’, double the last letter and add ‘-ing’. Suppose it ends in ‘ffer’ just add ‘-ing’.

Eg:Prefer - Preferring

9. If any of the above rules does not suit, just add ‘-ing’.

Eg:Help – Helping

If to + verb is given in the sentence add ‘ing’.

Eg:Finding fault is very easy.

Seeing in the dark is very difficult.

The words preceded by to + verb such as afraid, opportunity, sure, hope, hopeful then write of + verb + ing. If the word ‘sorry’ appears, write for + verb + ing. If the word ‘keen’ comes, write on + verb + ing.

Eg:He is very keen on finishing the work.

I am sorry for waking you up.

Participle

(Partly a verb and partly an adjective)

It is the form of the verb, which partakes of the nature both of a verb and of an adjective.

Eg:Hearing the noise, the baby woke up.

Present Participle

It represents an action as going on or incomplete or imperfect. It ends with ‘-ing’.

Eg:driving

Past Participle

It represents a completed action or the state of the thing spoken of.

Eg:driven

Participle Adjectives

The participles that are used as simple qualifying adjectives in front of a noun, they are called Participle Adjectives.

Eg:A rolling stone gathers no moss.

Use of Participle

Continuous Tense (Active Voice)

It can be formed from present participle with tenses of the verb be

Eg:I am loving.

Perfect Tense (Active Voice)

They are formed from past participle with tenses of the verb have

Eg:I have loved.

Past Participle (Passive Voice)

It is formed from the past participle with tenses of the verb be

Eg:I am loved.

Participles qualify Nouns or Pronouns

1.Attributely

Eg:A rolling stone gathers no moss.

2. Predicative

Eg:The man seems worried.

3. Absolutely with a noun or pronoun going before

Eg:The weather being fine, I went out.

Dear Aspirants, Below we have given some exercise questions which may consist of errors (based on above notes), check whether the statement has error or not if any give your answers in the below comment section.

Exercise Questions:

1.He did nothing but cursed his fate.

2.I intended to have punshed him yesterday.

3.What is wanted are bats that can score more runs.

4.Leaves felled incessantly last autumn.

5.He would better play than studying without concentration.

6.Not a man was hurt, not a thing damaged.

7.The girl put a noose around her neck and hung herself in sheer desperation.

8.Considered the proposal, I accepted it.

9.The captain has been saddened, other team members refused to comment.

10.I doubt that he will not turn up.

11.He saw I laughing.

12.He never has and never will take action.

13.The hen lay eggs yesterday.

14.He is tired to play cricket.

15.The quality of the fruits were not satisfactory.

16.The prime minister decided to categorically deny the statement.

17.She hoped to have won the game yesterday.

18.The beauty of his clothes seem to outdo his personal elegance.

19.He never has and never will go for a picnic.

20.He does nothing but loitering in the corridor.

Comment your answers below; correct Answers with explanation will be updated soon. If you have any doubts in this topic, kindly feel free to ask us in the comment section.