MUGHAL DYNASTY
Aurangzeb (Alamgir) (AD 1658-1707)- BIRTH:1618, Dohad( GJ), Son of Mumtaz and Shahjahan
- Aurangzeb became victorious after the brutal war of succession among his brother Dara, Shuja and Murad.
- Rebellions during his rule – Jat Peasantry at Mathura, Satnami peasantry in Punjab and Bundelas in Bundelkhand.
- The annexation of Marwar in AD 1658 led to a serious rift between Rajput and Mughals after the death of Raja Jaswant Singh.
- Ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed by him in AD 1675.
- Mughal conquests reached territorial climax during his reign.
- It stretched from Kashmir in North to Jinji in South, from the Hindukush in West to Chittagong in East.
- He was called Darvesh or a Zinda Pir. He forbade Sati. Conquered Bijapur (AD 1686) and Golconda (AD 1687) and reimposed Jaziya in AD 1679.
- He built Biwi ka Makbara on the tomb of his queen Rabaud-Durrani at Aurangabad; Moti Masjid within Red Fort, Delhi; and the Jami or Badshahi Mosque at Lahore.
- DEATH:1707, Ahamadnagar
LATER MUGHALS
Bahadur Shah I (1707-12) - Original name was Muazzam
- Title, Shah-e-Bekhabar.
- Promote friendly relationship with Marathas and Rajputs
Jahandar Shah (1712-13)
- He ascended the throne with the help of Zulfikar Khan (Wazir).
- Abolished Jijiya.
- A Prostitute "LAL KUAR" dominated in his court
Farrukhsiyar (1713-19)
- He lacked the ability and knowledge to rule independently.
- His reign saw the emergence of the Sayyid Brothers (known as king maker).
- Abdulla Khan-Wazir
- Hussain Ali-Senapati
- 1717-Issued Golden Farman to east India company for free trade
- Farrukhsiyar executed Banda Bahadur ( A Sikh leader)
Muhammad Shah (1719-48)
- Became the emperor with the help of the Saiyad Brothers
- Nadir Shah invaded India and took away Peacock throne and Kohinoor diamond.
- Title- Rangeela
- Emergence of independent state in his period
Ahmed Shah (1748-54)
- Ahmed Shah Abdali (General of Nadir Shah) marched towards Delhi and the Mughals ceded Punjab and Multan.
- He worked under the guidance of Rajmata "Udam Bai"
Alamgir (1754-59)
- Ahmed Shah occupied Delhi Later, Delhi was plundered by Marathas.
Shah Alam II (1759-1806)
- Original NAME: Aligohar
- Panipat War: (1761)
- Buxar War (1764)
- Treaty of Allahabad (1765)
- Could not enter Delhi for 12 years.
- 1788: Gulam Kadir make him blind
Akbar II (1806-37)
- Pensioner of East India Company.
- Gave the title "Raja" to Ram Mohan Roy
Bahadur Shah II (1837-57)
- Nickname: Jafar
- Last Mughal Emperor who was made premier during the 1857 Revolt.
- 1862-death in Rangoon (Myanmar)
Causes behind the fall of Mughal Empire
- Weak and incompetent successors
- Wars of succession
- Aurangzeb’s Deccan, religious and Rajput policies
- Jagirdari crisis
- Growth of Marathas and other regional powers
- Foreign invasions of Nadir Shah (1739) and Abdali
Important Literature of Mughal Period
- Author(Work)
- Babur (Tuzuk-i-Babari)
- Abul Fazal (Ain-i-Akbari, Akbarnamah)
- Jahangir (Tuzuk-i-Jahangir)
- Hamid (Padshahnama)
- Darashikoh (Majn-ul-Bahrain)
- Mirza Md Qasim (Alamgirnama)
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