Indian Councils Act, 1892
- The number of non-official members was increased in both the central and provincial legislative councils
- The functions of the legislature increased, which gave the members the right to ask questions or discuss on budget matters.
Indian Councils Act, 1909, (Morley-Minto reforms)
- The number of members in central and provincial legislative councils was increased.
- It provided for the association of Indians in the executive council of the Viceroy and Governors. Satyendra Prasad Sinha joined the Viceroy's executive council as a law member.
- It introduced Separate Electorate for Muslims.
Government of India Act, 1919
- The act is also known as Montague-Chelmsford Reforms.
- The act set up bicameral legislatures at the centre consisting of two houses- the Council of the States (Upper House) and the Central Legislative Assembly (Lower House).
- The central and provincial subjects were demarcated and separated.
- The Provincial subjects were further divided into Transferred Subjects and Reserved Subjects, the legislative council had no say in the latter. This was known as the system of Diarchy.
- he principle of separate electorate was further extended to Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans.
- It provided for the appointment of a statutory commission to report the working of the act after ten years.
Government of India Act, 1935
- The powers between centre and states were divided in terms of Federal list, Provincial list and Concurrent list.
- Diarchy in the provinces was abolished.
- Diarchy was adopted at the centre with Transferred and Reserved subjects (such as defence, administration of tribal areas etc.).
- The legislature of Bengal, Bombay, Madras, Bihar, Assam and United province were made bicameral. Bicameral legislature consisted of a Legislative Council and a Legislative Assembly.
- The principle of Separate Electorate was extended to depressed classes, women and workers.
- Provided for the formation of Reserve bank of India
Indian Independence Act, 1947
- The act formalized the Lord Mountbatten Plan regarding independence of India on June 3, 1947.
- The Act ended the British rule in India and declared India as an independent and sovereign nation with effect from August 15, 1947.
- Provided for the partition of India into two dominions of India and Pakistan
- The office of Viceroy was abolished and a Governor General was to be appointed in each of the dominion
- The Constituent Assemblies of the two dominions were to have powers to legislate for their respective territories.
- Princely states were free to join any of the two dominions or to remain independent.
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