Important Electromagnetic Rays (PDF Version)

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Electromagnetic Radiation is a form of energy that is all around us and takes many forms. EM radiation (the designation 'radiation' excludes static electric and magnetic and near fields) is classified by wavelength into radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.

Electromagnetic Theory

Electricity and magnetism were once thought to be separate forces. However, in 1873, Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell developed a unified theory of electromagnetism.

Important Electromagnetic Rays

Electromagnetic Rays	Discovered By	Wavelength Range (in Meter)	Frequency Range
γ-Rays (Gamma Rays)	Henry Becqueral	10-14 to 10-10	1020 to 1018	Gamma radiation causes damage to living tissue, which makes it useful for killing cancer cells when applied in carefully measured doses to small regions. Uncontrolled exposure, though, is extremely dangerous to humans.
X-Rays	Wilhelm Röntgen	10-10 to 10-8	1018 to 1016	X-rays occupy the same region of the EM spectrum as gamma rays. The only difference between them is their source: X-rays are produced by accelerating electrons, while gamma rays are produced by atomic nuclei.
Ultra-Violet Ray	Johann Wilhelm Ritter	10-8 to 10-7	1016 to 1014	UV light is a component of sunlight; however, it is invisible to the human eye. It has numerous medical and industrial applications, but it can damage living tissue.
Visible Radiation	Newton	3.9x10-7 to 7.8x10-7	1014 to 1012	More generally, visible light is defined as the wavelengths that are visible to most human eyes.
Infra-Red Rays	William Herschel	7.8x10-7 to 7.8x10-3	1012 to 1010	IR rays is invisible to human eyes, but we can feel it as heat if the intensity is sufficient.
Microwaves Ray		10-3 to 10-2	1010 to 1009	Microwaves are used for high-bandwidth communications, radar and as a heat source for microwave ovens and industrial applications.
Short Radio Waves or Hertz Hertzian Waves	Heinrich Hertz	10-3 to 1	1010 to 108	Radio waves are used primarily for communications including voice, data and entertainment media.
Long Radio Waves	Marcony	1 to 104	108 to 106	Radio waves are used primarily for communications including voice, data and entertainment media.

Important Electromagnetic Rays (PDF Version)

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